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Sinks of steel in China–addition to in-use stock, export and loss

Hua GUO,Tianzhu ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 141-149 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0696-3

摘要： China has become the largest producer of crude steel in the world since 1996, which places the country under huge pressure in terms of resources, energy, and the environment. Examining the driver of steel demand is of great significance to the structural adjustment and sustainable development of the steel industry. The researchers calculate the steel demand in China from 2000 to 2009 based on three sinks (steel stock, export, and loss) by taking the four stages of steel life cycle (production, fabrication and manufacturing, use, and waste management and recycling) as the study object. The researchers conclude that addition to in-use stock is the main driver of steel demand and that the 10-year average addition to in-use stock accounted for 77% of the steel sinks, in which 55% of the addition occurs in the building sector, and the steel for this segment is of low strength with large consumption. Based on the analysis of existing policies, the researchers propose that the steel demand structure will develop toward diversification and that the building sector will realize the upgrade of products as soon as possible to improve construction quality. Under the pressure of rising cost for imported resources, the export ratio of steel products should be controlled appropriately. Thus, recycling economy should be developed to reduce steel losses.

关键词： steel demand     driver     Material Flow Analysis (MFA)     Substance Flow Analysis (SFA)     addition to in-use stock     steel policy    

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Impact of gasoline engine deposits on light duty vehicle emissions: in-use case study in Beijing, China

Xin YUE, Ye WU, Xianjiang HUANG, Yao MA, Yuan PANG, Xiaofeng BAO, Jiming HAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第5期   页码 717-724 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0438-3

摘要： Tailpipe emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles usually deteriorate over time. The accumulation of engine deposits due to inadequate gasoline detergency is considered to be one of the major causes of such emission deterioration. Six in-use light-duty gasoline vehicles in Beijing were tested to investigate the impact of engine deposits on emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO ). Emissions under cold start and hot running test conditions from the six light duty vehicles were measured before and after engine deposits were removed. Results show that although individual vehicles reacted differently for each of the pollutants, elimination of engine deposits on average reduced HC emissions under hot running conditions by 29.4%, CO emissions under cold start conditions by 23.0% and CO emissions under hot running conditions by 35.5% ( <0.05 in all cases). No pollutant emissions increased with statistical significance ( <0.05) after the removal of engine deposits. Variations of emission changes upon removal of engine deposits were observed. Such variations are in line with previous studies, implying that the impact patterns of engine deposits on vehicle emissions may be subject to many influencing factors that are not fully understood and difficult to control under all conditions. A statistical view of the impact of engine deposits on vehicle emissions may be appropriate for evaluation of emissions reductions across a city or a country. It is necessary to maintain sufficient and effective gasoline fuel detergency in practice to keep the engines clean and in turn reduce vehicle emissions.

关键词： engine deposit     fuel quality     detergency     vehicle emission    

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Proliferation of district heating using local energy resources through strategic building-stock management

Yi DOU, Keijiro OKUOKA, Minoru FUJII, Hiroki TANIKAWA, Tsuyoshi FUJITA, Takuya TOGAWA, Liang DONG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 411-425 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0577-8

摘要：

District heating systems using cogeneration technology and renewable resources are considered as an effective approach to resources conservation and reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, wide-spread aging and depopulation problems, as well as the popularization of energy-saving technologies in buildings, are estimated to greatly decrease energy consumption, leading to inefficiency in district heating and barriers to technology proliferation. From a long-term perspective, land use changes, especially the progression of compact city plans, have the potential to offset the decrement in energy consumption that maintains the efficiency of district heating systems. An integrated model is developed in this paper based on building cohort analysis to evaluate the economic feasibility and environmental impact of introducing district heating systems to a long-term compact city plan. As applied to a case in the Soma Region of Fukushima, Japan, potential migration from the suburbs to the central station districts is simulated, where district heating based on gas-fired cogeneration is expected to be introduced. The results indicate that guided migration to produce concentrated centers of population can substantially increase the heat demand density, which supports a wider application of district heating systems and better low-carbon performance. These results are further discussed in relation to technology innovation and related policies. It is concluded that policies related to urban land use planning and energy management should be integrated and quantitatively evaluated over the long-term with the aim of supporting urban low-carbon sustainable development.

关键词： building stock     compact city     district heating     energy use     Fukushima    

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论单位生产总值钢产量及钢产量、钢铁行业的能耗、物耗和排放

陆钟武,岳强,高成康

《中国工程科学》 2013年 第15卷 第4期   页码 23-29

摘要：

单位生产总值钢产量指标对于调控钢产量，开展钢铁行业的节能、降耗和减排工作具有重要意义。首先给出了单位生产总值钢产量定义式，引入了“在役钢量”概念及其计算式；然后对单位GDP钢产量的定义式进行了两次变换，导出具有分析功能的新定义式；并以新定义式和钢产量计算式、钢铁行业能耗、物耗和排放计算式为依据，对钢产量及钢铁行业的能耗、物耗和排放进行了分析；最后，进行了与钢铁行业相关各参数的分类，并提出全面推进钢铁行业节能、降耗、减排工作的总体看法。

关键词： 单位生产总值钢产量     钢产量     在役钢     单位在役钢GDP     能耗    

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The influence of social media on stock volatility

Xianjiao WU, Xiaolin WANG, Shudong MA, Qiang YE

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 201-211 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017018

摘要： This study explores the influence of social media on stock volatility and builds a feature model with an intelligence algorithm using social media data from Xueqiu.com in China, Sina Finance and Economics, Sina Microblog, and Oriental Fortune. We find that the effect of social factors, such as increased attention to a stock’s volatility, is more significant than public sentiment. A prediction model is introduced based on social factors and public sentiment to predict stock volatility. Our findings indicate that the influence of social media data on the next day’s volatility is more significant but declines over time.

关键词： stock volatility     social data     sentiment analysis     boosting algorithm    

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Effect of short-term atrazine addition on the performance of an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process

Changyong WU, Xiaoling LI, Zhiqiang CHEN, Yongzhen PENG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 150-156 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0020-9

摘要： In this study, an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (AO) wastewater treatment process was implemented to treat domestic wastewater with short-term atrazine addition. The results provided an evaluation on the effects of an accidental pollution on the operation of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in relation to Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and biological nutrient removal. Domestic wastewater with atrazine addition in 3 continuous days was treated when steady biological nutrient removal was achieved in the AO process. The concentrations of atrazine were 15, 10, and 5mg·L on days 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The results showed that atrazine addition did not affect the removal of COD. The specific NH NO reduction rate decreased slightly due to the short-term atrazine addition. However, it did not affect the nitrogen removal due to the high nitrification and denitrification capacity of the system. Total nitrogen (TN) removal was steady, and more than 70% was removed during the period studied. The phosphorus removal rate was not affected by the short-term addition of atrazine under the applied experimental conditions. However, more poly-hydroxy-alkanoate (PHA) was generated and utilized during atrazine addition. The results of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) showed that the respiration of nitrifiers decreased significantly, while the activity of carbon utilizers had no obvious change with the atrazine addition. Atrazine was not removed with the AO process, even via absorption by the activated sludge in the process of the short-term addition of atrazine.

关键词： biological nutrient removal     atrazine     anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process     oxygen demand removal     oxygen uptake rate (OUR)    

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Antimicrobial use in food animal production: situation analysis and contributing factors

Ziping WU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第3期   页码 301-311 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018207

摘要：

By measuring the quantity and ways in which antimicrobials are used, and reviewing different technical and socioeconomic factors influencing antimicrobial use at farm level, this study discusses the main knowledge gaps in antimicrobial use in food animal production and provides recommendations for future research and policy development. The review reveals that antimicrobial use in food animals exhibit strong regional and species differences, and there are still large information gaps concerning the current state of antimicrobial use. Factors associated with animal health (including antimicrobial resistance), animal health improvement, economic costs and benefits relevant to animal diseases, and potential technological alternatives or alternative systems all have an impact on antimicrobial use on the farm. There is a clear need to resolve the data gap by monitoring antimicrobial use and developing an analytical framework to better understand farmer behaviors under different technical, economic and environmental circumstances.

关键词： antimicrobial use     drivers for antimicrobial use     food animal production    

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Hydration, microstructure and autogenous shrinkage behaviors of cement mortars by addition of superabsorbent

Beibei SUN, Hao WU, Weimin SONG, Zhe LI, Jia YU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 1274-1284 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0656-x

摘要： Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) has emerged as a topic of considerable interest in recent years. The present study systematically and quantitively investigated the effect of SAP on hydration, autogenous shrinkage, mechanical properties, and microstructure of cement mortars. Influences of SAP on hydration heat and autogenous shrinkage were studied by utilizing TAM AIR technology and a non-contact autogenous shrinkage test method. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was employed to assess the microstructure evolution. Although SAP decreased the peak rate of hydration heat and retarded the hydration, it significantly increased the cumulative heat, indicating SAP helps promote the hydration. Hydration promotion caused by SAP mainly occurred in the deceleration period and attenuation period. SAP can significantly mitigate the autogenous shrinkage when the content ranged from 0 to 0.5%. Microstructure characteristics showed that pores and gaps were introduced when SAP was added. The microstructure difference caused by SAP contributed to the inferior mechanical behaviors of cement mortars treated by SAP.

关键词： Superabsorbent Polymer     mechanical properties     hydration heat     autogenous shrinkage     microstructure    

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Mass loss and nutrient dynamics during litter decomposition in response to warming and nitrogen addition

Haiyan REN, Jie QIN, Baolong YAN, Alata, Baoyinhexige, Guodong HAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第1期   页码 64-70 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017194

摘要： Plant litter decomposition has been studied extensively in the context of both warming and increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition. However, the temporal patterns of mass loss and nutrient release in response to warming and nitrogen addition remain unclear. A 2-year decomposition experiment aimed to examine the effects of warming and nitrogen addition on decomposition rate, and nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics. The effects of warming and nitrogen addition on decomposition of litter of , a dominant species in a desert steppe of northern China, were studied. Warming and nitrogen addition significantly enhanced litter mass loss by 10% and 16%, respectively, and moreover promoted nitrogen and phosphorus release from the litter in the first year of decomposition, followed by an immobilization period. The interactive effects of warming and nitrogen addition on mass loss, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of litter were also found during the decomposition. This study indicates that warming and nitrogen addition increased litter mass loss through altering litter quality. These findings highlight that interactions between climate change and other global change factors could be highly important in driving decomposition responses.

关键词： climate warming     grassland     litter decomposition     nitrogen deposition     nutrient release    

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Moving policy and regulation forward for single-use plastic alternatives

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1423-5

摘要： Single-use plastics are often used once or cannot be reused for extended periods. They are widely consumed with the rapid development of social economy. The waste generated by single-use plastics threatens ecosystem health by entering the environment and ultimately restricts sustainable human development. The innovation of sustainable and environmentally friendly single-use plastic alternative materials and the joint participation of governments, enterprises and the public are promising technologies and management approaches that can solve the problem of single-use plastics wastes. The development of single-use plastic alternative products can be promoted fundamentally only by improving relevant legislation and standards, providing differentiated industrial policies, encouraging scientific and technological innovation and expanding public participation.

关键词： Single-use plastic alternatives     Policy     Regulation     Sustainable development    

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Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 540-545 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0264-2

摘要： Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

关键词： consumption energy use    

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Approaches to achieve high grain yield and high resource use efficiency in rice

Jianchang YANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第2期   页码 115-123 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015055

摘要： This article discusses approaches to simultaneously increase grain yield and resource use efficiency in rice. Breeding nitrogen efficient cultivars without sacrificing rice yield potential, improving grain fill in later-flowering inferior spikelets and enhancing harvest index are three important approaches to achieving the dual goal of high grain yield and high resource use efficiency. Deeper root distribution and higher leaf photosynthetic N use efficiency at lower N rates could be used as selection criteria to develop N-efficient cultivars. Enhancing sink activity through increasing sugar-spikelet ratio at the heading time and enhancing the conversion efficiency from sucrose to starch though increasing the ratio of abscisic acid to ethylene in grains during grain fill could effectively improve grain fill in inferior spikelets. Several practices, such as post-anthesis controlled soil drying, an alternate wetting and moderate soil drying regime during the whole growing season, and non-flooded straw mulching cultivation, could substantially increase grain yield and water use efficiency, mainly via enhanced remobilization of stored carbon from vegetative tissues to grains and improved harvest index. Further research is needed to understand synergistic interaction between water and N on crop and soil and the mechanism underlying high resource use efficiency in high-yielding rice.

关键词： rice     nitrogen-efficient cultivar     grain fill     harvest index     nitrogen use efficiency     water use efficiency    

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The road to sustainable use and waste management of plastics in Portugal

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 5-5 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1439-x

摘要：

• Portugal recycles 34% of the 40 kg/hab year of plastic packaging waste.

关键词： Single-use plastics     Plastic packaging     Plastic waste     Waste management     Waste shipment     Lightweight plastic bags    

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STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN DRYLAND AGROECOSYSTEMS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 599-602 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021409

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Carbon-coated lithium titanate: effect of carbon precursor addition processes on the electrochemical

Shilei Ding, Zelong Jiang, Jing Gu, Hongliang Zhang, Jiajia Cai, Dongdong Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 148-155 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2022-x

摘要： In this paper, two carbon-coated lithium titanate (LTO-C1 and LTO-C2) composites were synthesized using the ball-milling-assisted calcination method with different carbon precursor addition processes. The physical and electrochemical properties of the as-synthesized negative electrode materials were characterized to investigate the effects of two carbon-coated LTO synthesis processes on the electrochemical performance of LTO. The results show that the LTO-C2 synthesized by using Li CO and TiO as the raw materials and sucrose as the carbon source in a one-pot method has less polarization during lithium insertion and extraction, minimal charge transfer impedance value and the best electrochemical performance among all samples. At the current density of 300 mA·h·g , the LTO-C2 composite delivers a charge capacity of 126.9 mA·h·g , and the reversible capacity after 300 cycles exceeds 121.3 mA·h·g in the voltage range of 1.0–3.0 V. Furthermore, the electrochemical impedance spectra show that LTO-C2 has higher electronic conductivity and lithium diffusion coefficient, which indicates the advantages in electrode kinetics over LTO and LTO-C1. The results clarify the best electrochemical properties of the carbon-coated LTO-C2 composite prepared by the one-pot method.

关键词： lithium titanate     carbon-coated     carbon precursor     synthetic process    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Sinks of steel in China–addition to in-use stock, export and loss

Hua GUO,Tianzhu ZHANG

期刊论文

Impact of gasoline engine deposits on light duty vehicle emissions: in-use case study in Beijing, China

Xin YUE, Ye WU, Xianjiang HUANG, Yao MA, Yuan PANG, Xiaofeng BAO, Jiming HAO

期刊论文

Proliferation of district heating using local energy resources through strategic building-stock management

Yi DOU, Keijiro OKUOKA, Minoru FUJII, Hiroki TANIKAWA, Tsuyoshi FUJITA, Takuya TOGAWA, Liang DONG

期刊论文

论单位生产总值钢产量及钢产量、钢铁行业的能耗、物耗和排放

陆钟武,岳强,高成康

期刊论文

The influence of social media on stock volatility

Xianjiao WU, Xiaolin WANG, Shudong MA, Qiang YE

期刊论文

Effect of short-term atrazine addition on the performance of an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process

Changyong WU, Xiaoling LI, Zhiqiang CHEN, Yongzhen PENG,

期刊论文

Antimicrobial use in food animal production: situation analysis and contributing factors

Ziping WU

期刊论文

Hydration, microstructure and autogenous shrinkage behaviors of cement mortars by addition of superabsorbent

Beibei SUN, Hao WU, Weimin SONG, Zhe LI, Jia YU

期刊论文

Mass loss and nutrient dynamics during litter decomposition in response to warming and nitrogen addition

Haiyan REN, Jie QIN, Baolong YAN, Alata, Baoyinhexige, Guodong HAN

期刊论文

Moving policy and regulation forward for single-use plastic alternatives

期刊论文

Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

期刊论文

Approaches to achieve high grain yield and high resource use efficiency in rice

Jianchang YANG

期刊论文

The road to sustainable use and waste management of plastics in Portugal

期刊论文

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN DRYLAND AGROECOSYSTEMS

期刊论文

Carbon-coated lithium titanate: effect of carbon precursor addition processes on the electrochemical

Shilei Ding, Zelong Jiang, Jing Gu, Hongliang Zhang, Jiajia Cai, Dongdong Wang

期刊论文